ALERT_END_DATE

ALERT_MESSAGE

We are informing you about an update to the <a href='https://stats.bis.org/api-doc/v1/' target='_blank'>BIS SDMX v1 API</a>, which has been realigned to match the data structure of the BIS Data Portal. The WS_EER dataflow now incorporates all EER content that was previously found in both the WS_EER_M and WS_EER_D dataflows. To ensure the smooth continuation of your services, we kindly ask you to modify your scripts to reflect this change. We strongly advise that you upgrade to the <a href='https://stats.bis.org/api-doc/v2/' target='_blank'>BIS SDMX v2 API</a> at your earliest convenience, as the <a href='https://stats.bis.org/api-doc/v1/' target='_blank'>BIS SDMX v1 API</a> will be phased out later in the year.

ALERT_START_DATE

Contact department

Contact email

Contact email subject

Content authors

Content description abstract

The effective exchange rates (EER) reflect developments in global trade by using time-varying weighting patterns. To facilitate cross-country comparison, the BIS publishes narrow and broad indices. This document explains which methodology was used to generate the series. The indices have been expanded and updated since the original publication. The weights are derived from manufacturing trade flows, and capture both direct bilateral trade and third-market competition by double-weighting. This trade-based weighting assumes that there is only one type of good differentiated by country of origin, with a constant elasticity of substitution. Ideally, the weights are such that a change in cross rates has no effect on a country's key macroeconomic aggregates as long as the real effective exchange rate remains constant. Underlying weights: <ul> <li> <a href='https://www.bis.org/statistics/eer/weightsn.xlsx' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Narrow weights</a> </li> <li> <a href='https://www.bis.org/statistics/eer/weightsb.xlsx' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Broad weights</a> </li> </ul>

Content document type

Content name

Effective exchange rates - data documentation and sources

Content rank

Content release date

Content URL

https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt0603e.pdf

Monthly data are released around mid-month. Daily data are updated around mid-week. The publication date and the latest reference period are shown in the <a href='/release-calendar?filter=categoryId%3DEER'>Statistics release calendar</a>.

How often and when are the effective exchange rates updated?

Explore the effective exchange rates dashboard to get quick visual insights into our statistics, analyse country and global developments and build your own data stories. This data set measures the value of a currency against a basket of other currencies.

Content embed

Content image

https://dataviz.bis.org/t/DataPortal/views/eer/Main

Whenever available, the BIS uses the published data on <a href='/topics/XRU'>US dollar exchange rates</a> and <a href='/topics/CPI'>consumer prices</a> as input data to the BIS EERs. The monthly exchange rates used are the business day averages.

What are the main sources for the BIS effective exchange rates?

 Monthly and daily data are available, the latter available only as nominal indices. The so-called broad indices are available for 64 economies from 1994 and 1996 for monthly and daily data, respectively. In addition, narrow indices are available for 27 economies (26 for nominal indices) from 1964 and 1983 for monthly and daily data, respectively. 

What is the coverage of the effective exchange rates (EER) data set?

EER indices are calculated as the geometric weighted average of a basket of bilateral exchange rates. Real EER are the nominal EER indices adjusted with the corresponding relative consumer prices. They are typically used as a component of financial or monetary conditions, as an indicator of international price competitiveness and as a gauge for the transmission of external shocks. For example, an increase in the real indices indicates an appreciation, and hence, a decrease in international price competitiveness.

What are the BIS effective exchange rates (EERs) and why are they important?

Effective exchange rates (SDMX2.1 Compact)

For the methodology of the BIS effective exchange rates, see <a href='https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt0603e.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>"The new BIS effective exchange rate indices"</a>, BIS Quarterly Review, March 2006.

Where can I find documentation and information on the methodology?

Effective exchange rates (SDMX2.1 Generic)

The coverage of the data set has been gradually expanded from 52 to 64 economies in 2023. In April 2019, the BIS excluded the currency of Venezuela from the broad basket indices.

What changes have been introduced in the effective exchange rates dataset since its initial release in 2006?

The weights are derived from manufacturing trade flows and capture both direct bilateral trade and third-market competition by double-weighting. For more details, see <a href='https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt0603e.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>"The new BIS effective exchange rate indices"</a>, BIS Quarterly Review, March 2006.

To accommodate rapidly changing trade data, the BIS adopts time-varying weights in the EER calculations. More specifically, it assigns the three-year average trade weights of 1993–95, 1996–98, 1999–2001, 2002–04, 2005–07, 2008–10, 2011–13, 2014–16 and 2017–19 to the corresponding periods, and then constructs chain-linked indices. This last set of weights is also used to calculate EERs for the latest period until the next set of three-year trade data becomes fully available.

Which weights are applied to the historical and most recent data?

The weights of 1990-92 are applied to data prior to 1990.

In the published Excel file containing the trade weights, I cannot find pre-1990 weights, while the "narrow indices" are available from 1964. What weights are you using for those data prior to 1990?

The EER indices for euro area member countries are computed based on the legacy currencies prior to the adoption of the euro and the euro afterwards. EER indices for euro area member countries take intra-euro area trade into account, while the index for the euro area as an aggregate excludes intra-euro area trade.

What is the EER for euro area member countries?

 The index levels do not provide any information concerning the over- or undervaluation of a given currency. They show the change compared with the base year. For indices with a base year 2020, a level of 120 indicates an appreciation of 20% against the basket since 2020. 

Does the value below/above 100 imply undervaluation/overvaluation?

Effective exchange rates

4 selected

Nominal effective exchange rates - Narrow indices

Effective exchange rates

Filters4 selectedReset

4 selected