7 days or less

Remaining maturity

Original maturity

Maturity

Consolidated banking

International debt securities (BIS-compiled)

OTC derivatives outstanding

OTC derivatives turnover

Consolidated banking statistics

Triennial Survey

Actual social contributions from employers and households

Stocks, Transactions, Other Flows

Debt securities statistics

Change in amount outstanding between two points in time after the impact of methodological changes and exchange rate movements has been eliminated. The adjusted change approximates the flow between two points in time. In the LBS, the adjusted change is calculated by first converting US dollar-equivalent amounts outstanding into their original currency using end-of-period exchange rates, then calculating the difference in amounts outstanding in the original currency, and finally converting the difference into a US dollar-equivalent change using average period exchange rates.

Adjusted change

Algo

Automated transactions where a computer algorithm decides the order of submission and execution with little or no human intervention.

Algorithmic trading

All currencies excluding core (ie USD, EUR, JPY, CHF and GBP)

All currencies excl. core

Currency denomination

Currency type of booking location

Currency of denomination

Locational banking

Global liquidity indicators

The price of one country's currency in relation to another.

US dollar exchange rates

Locational banking statistics

The BIS uses the term “global liquidity” to refer to the ease of financing in global financial markets. The BIS global liquidity indicators (GLIs) track credit to non-bank borrowers, covering both loans extended by banks and funding from global bond markets through the issuance of international debt securities (IDS). The main focus is on foreign currency credit denominated in three major reserve currencies (US dollars, euros and Japanese yen) to non-residents, ie borrowers outside the respective currency areas.

Global liquidity

Bilateral exchange rates

Value of an asset or liability at a point in time.

Amount outstanding

Amounts outstanding / Stocks

Measure

To be used for data collected or disseminated every year.

Annual

Frequency

Tracks the evolution of the size of central bank balance sheets across the world.

Central bank total assets

In the LBS and in the GLI, quarterly growth rates compounded over four quarters.

Annual growth (BIS calculated)

In combination with INSTR_ASSET F4 and REF_AREA 4D the code should be read as  "Assistance loan under EU stability mechanism"

Assistance [INSTR_ASSET] under [REF_AREA] stability mechanism - LCD concept

Custom breakdown codification

This methodology follows accounting rules, generally applied to the audited annual financial statement. For high-frequency data (eg lower than annual), data may not be audited but follows the same methodology.

Audited financial statement

All countries that are BIS reporting countries. The BIS reporting area varies by data set. See also “BIS reporting country”.

BIS reporting area

Country with an authority that participates in a BIS-organised data collection. Countries with authorities that report the LBS and CBS are listed on the BIS website: www.bis.org/pages/statistics/ibs-reporting-country.pdf. The number of BIS reporting countries varies by data set.

BIS reporting country

Financial institution that participates in a BIS-organised data collection. See also “Reporting bank” and “Reporting dealer”.

BIS reporting institution

The spliced series may follow multiple methodologies as a result of the splicing performed by the BIS. The methodologies are detailed in the compilation attribute

BIS-spliced

Trades where the liabilities, obligations and rights of the second deal are exactly the same as those of the original deal. They are normally conducted between affiliates, but can also involve other unrelated entities.

Back-to-back trades

Counterparty sector

Balance

Accounting Entry

Entity whose business is to receive deposits, or close substitutes for deposits, from the public and to grant credits for its own account. Banks include the following entities: commercial banks, universal banks, savings banks, post banks, giro institutions, agricultural credit banks, cooperative credit banks and credit unions. In the System of National Accounts, a bank is referred to as a deposit-taking corporation except the central bank.

Bank

Head office, branch or subsidiary of a bank.

Banking office

Commercial banks, investment banks, securities dealers and securities brokers. Sectoral classification used in the OTC derivatives statistics that refers collectively to banks and securities firms that are not reporting dealers. See also “Reporting dealer”.

Banks and securities firms

Subset of other financial used in CDS reporting.

Central banks; currency boards or independent currency authorities that issue national currency that is fully backed by foreign exchange reserves; government-affiliated agencies that are separate institutional units and primarily perform central bank activities; and international organisations that undertake activities similar to those of central banks.

Banks, central banks

Lending sector

Borrowers' sector

Credit-to-GDP gaps

Entities that are part of the same banking group, ie that are within the perimeter of consolidation of the controlling parent institution. Includes the controlling parent institution, the head office of the bank (if different), and branches or subsidiaries that are part of the consolidated reporting entity.

Banks, related offices

Business between banks. In the LBS, "interbank" typically refers to business between banking offices and thus includes inter-office business.

Banks, total

Entities that stay outside a banking group (ie do not have the same consolidated reporting entity).

Banks, unrelated banks

Below investment grade

Rating (outstanding) or settlement (FX turnover)

The difference between the price a dealer receives for selling a security or currency (ask) and the price a dealer pays for buying a security or currency (bid).

Bid-ask spread

Bilateral netting agreement

Unincorporated entity wholly owned by another entity.

Branch

Changes in assets and liabilities between opening and closing balance sheets that are due neither to transactions between institutional units nor to changes in value. (MFSM, 193)

Break in stocks

Break- and exchange rate-adjusted change

Weighted average of bilateral exchange rates based on a wider set of partner economies (64), including emerging markets, providing a more comprehensive picture of global trade relationships, though with shorter data history (from 1994 and 1996 for monthly and daily data, respectively). See "Effective exchange rates".

Broad (64 economies)

Basket

Weighted average of bilateral exchange rates. See “Nominal” or “Real”.

Effective exchange rates

Broad debt

A financial intermediary that matches counterparties to a transaction without being a party to it. A broker can operate electronically (electronic broker) or by telephone (voice broker).

Broker

A financial intermediary whose activities include acting as both broker and dealer in financial markets.

Broker-dealer

CBS-reporting country

CLS offers several services to facilitate risk management by FX market participants including CLSSettlement, which is a PvP system (see below) launched in 2002 and currently covering 18 currencies.

CLS Group

Payment statistics covering indicators of retail payment use, including volumes and values of cashless payment instruments and of deposit/withdrawal transactions. Tables: T5, T6.

CPMI cashless payments

Retail payments, currency and related indicators

Payment statistics covering institutions offering payment services and instruments to end-users. Table: T3.

CPMI institutions

General macroeconomic indicators and monetary aggregates relevant to payments, including currency in circulation (banknotes and coins) and narrow money. Tables: T1, T2.

CPMI macro

Payment statistics covering participation in financial market infrastructures and critical services, providing quantitative and qualitative information for payment systems, central securities depositories and central counterparties. Tables: T7, T10, T12, T15.

CPMI participants

Financial market infrastructures and critical service providers

Payment statistics covering the number of cards issued by institutions offering payment services/instruments and the number of terminals (POS and ATMs). Table: T4.

CPMI payment devices

Payment statistics covering activities in financial market infrastructures and critical services, providing quantitative and qualitative information for payment systems, central securities depositories and central counterparties. Tables: T8, T9, T11, T13, T14, T16, T17, T18, T19.

CPMI systems

Synonyms: Calendar effects; calendar factors

Calendar component

Adjustment indicator

Includes common shares, preferred shares, retained earning

Capital / equity

Balance sheet position

Capital transfers, excluding nonlife insurance capital claims

Cash payment at inception - LCD concept

The difference between the price of a cash bond (typically a government bond) and the price of the corresponding futures contract. 

Cash-futures basis

Central counterparties are entities that interpose between counterparties to contracts traded in one or more financial markets, becoming the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer.

Central Counterparties

Financial institution that exercises control over key aspects of the financial system. Central banks include the following entities: national central banks, central banks of a currency union, currency boards and government-affiliated agencies that are a separate institutional unit and primarily perform central bank activities. In the LBS, the BIS is classified as a central bank.

Central bank

Issuer sector - immediate borrower

Issuer sector - ultimate borrower

The interest rate which best captures the monetary authorities' policy intentions.

Central bank policy rates

A trading protocol whereby outstanding offers to buy or sell are stored in a queue and filled in a priority sequence, usually by price and time of entry. Orders to buy at prices higher than the best selling price and orders to sell at prices lower than th

Centralised limit order book (CLOB)

Changes in inventories (P52), acquisition less disposals of valuables (P53) and acquisition less disposals of non-financial non-produced assets (NP)

Changes in inventories and acquisition less disposals of valuables

Changes in net worth due to other economic flows

A financial asset that has a counterpart liability. In the CBS, claims exclude financial derivatives. See also “Financial asset”.

Claim

Contracts that have a return, or a portion of their return, linked to the price of, or to a price index of, a commodity such as a precious metal (other than gold), petroleum, lumber or agricultural products.

Commodities

Risk category

Contract between two parties to purchase or sell a commodity or commodity index at an agreed price on a future date.

Commodity forward

Contract that gives the buyer the right (but not the obligation) to purchase or sell a commodity or commodity index at an agreed price at or by a specified date.

Commodity option

Contract between two parties to exchange sequences of payments during a specified period, where at least one sequence of payments is tied to a commodity price or commodity index.

Commodity swap

Compensation of employees and other taxes excluding other subsidies on products

Compensation of employees, excluding for own-account capital formation [IMF GFSM definition]

Compression is a process of replacing multiple offsetting derivatives contracts with fewer deals of the same net risk to reduce the notional value of the portfolio.

Compression trades

A BIS-organised data collection that measures banks’ country risk exposures. They capture the worldwide consolidated positions of banks headquartered in BIS reporting countries, including positions of their foreign affiliates but excluding intragroup positions. Central banks or other national authorities collect data from internationally active banks headquartered in their jurisdiction, compile national aggregates and then report these to the BIS to calculate global aggregates.

Consolidated banking statistics (CBS)

A consortium bank is a bank owned by two or more entities, in which no single entity has a controlling interest.

Consortium and unclassified

Type of reporting institutions

A bank owned by two or more entities, in which no single entity has a controlling interest.

Consortium bank

An index that measures the average change in the price of consumer items (goods and services) purchased by households in a given period. It is based on regular surveys of representative consumption baskets.

Consumer price index (CPI)

The consumer price index statistics track the average change in the price of goods and services purchased by households. This data set covers several decades.

Consumer prices

Consumer prices statistics

Consumption of fixed capital (use of fixed assets) [IMF GFSM definition]

Entity that owns or otherwise controls other entities within a corporate group and is not controlled by another entity. For most entities, the controlling parent is synonymous with the ultimate parent at the top of the corporate group. In the LBS and CBS, if the ultimate parent is not subject to prudential supervision – for example, where the ultimate parent is a shell company or a non-financial company – then the controlling parent may be defined as the highest intermediate parent that is subject to prudential supervision. See also “Parent bank” and “Home country”.

Controlling parent

Core debt

The countercyclical capital buffer aims to ensure that capital requirements take account of the macro-financial environment in which banks operate. Its primary objective is to use a buffer of capital to achieve the broader macroprudential goal of protecting the banking sector from periods of excess aggregate credit growth that have often been associated with the build-up of system-wide risk. Under the Basel III supervisory framework, it is calculated as the weighted average of the buffers in effect in the jurisdictions to which banks have a credit exposure.

Countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB)

Entity that takes the opposite side of a financial contract or transaction – for example, the borrower in a loan contract, or the buyer in a sales transaction.

Counterparty

Counterparty country

Territorial entity for which data are separately and independently maintained, including but not limited to national states as understood by international law and practice.

Country

Contracts in which the payout is linked primarily to some measure of the creditworthiness of a particular reference credit.

Credit Derivatives

Promise by a creditor to lend up to a specified amount to a borrower on demand. In the CBS, credit commitments refer to commitments that are irrevocable unilaterally by the creditor, ie revocable only with the consent of the borrower.

Credit commitments

Contract whereby the seller commits to repay an obligation (eg bond) underlying the contract at par in the event of a default. To produce this guarantee, a regular premium is paid by the buyer during a specified period.

Credit default swaps

Instrument

Exchange-traded derivatives

Exchange-traded derivatives statistics

Contracts in which the protection buyer (risk shedder) pays a fixed periodic fee in return for a contingent payment by the protection seller (risk taker), triggered by a credit event on a reference entity. This is total value of all components.

Derivative whose redemption value is linked to specified credit-related events, such as bankruptcy, credit downgrade, non-payment or default of a borrower. For example, a lender might use a credit derivative to hedge the risk that a borrower might default. Common credit derivatives include credit default swaps (CDS), total return swaps and credit spread options.

Credit derivative

The credit-to-GDP gap is defined as the difference between the credit-to-GDP ratio and its long-run trend, and captures the build-up of excessive credit in a reduced form fashion.

Credit-to-GDP gaps (actual-trend)

Credit gap data type

The HP filter is a statistical tool used in macroeconomics, especially in real business cycle theory, to remove the cyclical component of a time series.

Credit-to-GDP trend (HP filter)

Position on a non-resident - for example, claim on or liability to a counterparty located in a country other than the country where the banking office that books the position is located.

Cross-border

Position type

Cross-border claims are positions on counterparties located outside the country where the entity that books the position is located.

Cross-border claims

The difference between the implied interest cost of borrowing one currency against another in the currency swap market, and the actual interest rate for borrowing that currency directly in the cash market.

Cross-currency basis

Contract that gives the buyer the right (but not the obligation) to purchase or sell a currency at an agreed exchange rate at or by a specified date.

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Glossary

Risk-free rate (RFR)